- Enter a net price to add VAT, or a VAT-inclusive price to take it out.
- The 20% UK standard rate loads by default; use the custom box for the 5% reduced band.
- Net, VAT and gross figures update the moment you press calculate.
- Every calculation happens inside your browser — no data leaves your device.
- Turnover approaching the £90,000 registration line? See our UK registration threshold guide.
Home › VAT Calculator
VAT Calculator — Add or Remove VAT Instantly
Add VAT to a net price or strip VAT out of a gross figure in one click. Pick your country — United Kingdom 20%, Ireland 23%, Germany 19%, France 20%, Netherlands 21%, Spain 21%, Italy 22% — or enter any custom rate. Perfect for invoices, receipts and checking shop prices.
How the VAT calculator works
UK VAT rates and what they apply to
The UK runs three VAT categories rather than a single rate. Most goods and services sit at the 20% standard rate, but everyday essentials such as most food, books and children’s clothing are zero-rated, which means suppliers charge 0% yet can still reclaim input VAT on their costs.
| Rate | Band | Applies to |
|---|---|---|
| 20% | Standard rate | Most goods and services, from electronics to professional fees |
| 5% | Reduced rate | Domestic gas and electricity, energy-saving materials, some renovation work |
| 0% | Zero rate | Most food, books, children’s clothing, public transport |
Who needs to register for UK VAT
A business must register once taxable turnover passes £90,000 in any rolling 12-month period — a figure frozen since April 2024. You can also register voluntarily below the threshold, which lets you reclaim input VAT on stock and setup costs even while charging no VAT on sales.
Registered businesses file quarterly returns through Making Tax Digital–compatible software, and smaller firms can opt into the Flat Rate Scheme, paying a fixed percentage of turnover instead of tracking every input invoice.
Related UK and European tax tools: Italy VAT calculator, Netherlands VAT calculator, VAT rates across Europe.
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Copy the code below to add this free calculator to your website or blog. No signup, no branding inside the tool.
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How to strip VAT from a price (reverse VAT calculator)
Running a business? The VAT registration threshold is £90,000 — see our VAT registration threshold guide for the rolling 12-month test.
People also call this a reverse VAT calculator — you start from the gross, VAT-inclusive price and work backwards to the net. To strip VAT out of a gross price, divide by (1 + rate): at 20%, divide by 1.20. A £120 gross price strips to £100 net + £20 VAT; a £241 price strips to £200.83 + £40.17 at 20%. For the reduced 5% rate divide by 1.05 instead. The calculator above does this in one step with the "remove VAT" option — just enter the gross amount.
Sources: HMRC and European Commission. Rates last verified October 2026. Estimates only — see our editorial policy.
Frequently asked questions
How do I remove VAT from a price?
Divide the gross price by (1 + VAT rate). For example a £120 price with 20% UK VAT is £120 ÷ 1.20 = £100 net, so the VAT charged was £20.
What is the standard VAT rate in the UK?
The UK standard VAT rate is 20%. A reduced 5% rate applies to some goods like domestic energy, and zero-rated items (most food, children's clothes) charge no VAT.
Which European country has the highest VAT?
Among major economies, Denmark, Sweden and Hungary charge the highest standard rates (25%, 25% and 27%). Ireland charges 23%, Germany 19%, and Switzerland's is among the lowest at 8.1%.
Is this calculator free?
Yes — completely free, no signup, and it runs entirely in your browser, so your numbers never leave your device.
How do I strip VAT from a gross price?
Divide the gross price by 1 + the VAT rate. At the UK standard 20% rate: £120 ÷ 1.20 = £100 net with £20 VAT. Use the remove-VAT option above for any amount.
What is a reverse VAT calculator?
A reverse VAT calculator works backwards from a gross price: divide by 1.20 at the UK standard rate to find the net amount and the VAT included. £240 ÷ 1.20 = £200 net with £40 VAT. Use the remove-VAT option above.
Is the VAT rate different in London?
No. VAT is a UK-wide tax set by HMRC — the standard 20% rate applies in London exactly as in Manchester, Edinburgh or Belfast. Use this VAT calculator for London prices the same way as anywhere else in the UK: enter the amount and choose add or remove 20%.
What is the UK VAT registration threshold?
The threshold is £90,000 of taxable turnover in any rolling 12-month period. Once you pass it, you must tell HMRC within 30 days, and registration normally takes effect from the first day of the following month.
What is the difference between zero-rated and exempt?
Zero-rated goods are taxed at 0%, and the seller can still reclaim VAT on business costs. Exempt supplies (such as most financial services) carry no VAT, but the seller cannot reclaim input VAT either.
Can a small business use the Flat Rate Scheme?
Yes, if taxable turnover is £150,000 or less. You charge customers the normal 20% but pay HMRC a fixed percentage of your gross turnover, which suits businesses with few complicated purchases.
Estimates are for guidance only and are based on published 2026/27 rates. Always confirm with a qualified professional for financial decisions.